Lasting-machine



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LASTING MAGHINE.

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LASTING MAGHINE.

No. 456,225 Patented July 21,1891.

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C. S INNING. LASTING MACHINE.

110,456,225. Patented July2Ll89l.

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LASTING MACHINE.

No. 456,226. I Patented July 21,1891.

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(NoModeL) 15 Sheets -Sheet 5.-

G. SINNING; LASTING MACHINE.

No. 456,225. I Patented July 21,1891.

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LASTING MACHINE.

Patented July 21,1891.

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(No Model.)" 15 Sheets-Sheet 7.

0. SINNING.

LASTING MACHINE.

456,225 Patented July 21, 1891'.

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(Nb Model.) 15 Sheets-Sheet a.

USINNING'. LASTING MACHINE.

No. 456,225. Patented July 21,1891.

(No Model.) 15 SheetsSheet 9.

O. SINNING.

LASTING MACHINE.

No. 456,225. Patented July 21,1891.

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(No Model.) 15 SheetsSheet 10,

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LASTING MACHINE.

No. 456,225. Patented July 21, 1891.

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(No Model.) '15'Sheets-Sheet 12.

0. SINNING. LASTING MACHINE.

No. 456,225; Patented July '21, 1891.

I 15 Sheets-Sheet '13.

(No Model.)

0. SINNING. LASTING MAGHINE.

. Patented July :21; 1891.

m: name-Ferns cm, wow-mm, msnmarou. n. c.

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LASTING MACHINE.

No. 456,225. Patented July 21-, 1 891.

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0. SINNING'. LASTING MACHINE; No. 456,225. Patented July 21, 1891.

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15 Sheets-Sheet 15.

UNITED STATES PATENT @FFICE.

CHARLES SINNING, OF ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI.

LASTING-MACHINE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent N0. 456,225, dated July 211891.

Application filed June 4, 1890. Serial No. 354,247. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that 1, CHARLES SINNING, of the city of St. Louis, in theState of Missouri, have invented a certain new and useful Improvement inLasting-Machines,of which the following is a full, clear, andexactdescription, reference being had to the accompanying drawings,forming part of this specification.

This lasting-machine belongs to that class in which the last is held inthe hands of the operator and guided and fed by the machine.

Reference is made to the claims for a statement of the novel features ofthe invention.

In the drawings, Figure 1 is a front elevation of the head of themachine. Fig. 2 is a rear elevation of the head. Fig. 3 is a sideelevation of the head. Fig. 4 is a vertical longitudinal section of thehead at 4 4, Fig. (3. Fig. 5 is an elevation of the head from theopposite side to that seen in Fig. 3. Fig. 6 is a plan or top view ofthe head. Figs. 7 and 8 are detail top views showing the crimper indifferent positions. Figs. 9 and 10 are detail side elevations showingparts of the crimper mechanism. Fig. 11 is a detail vertical transversesection at ll 11, Fig. 8. Fig.

2 is atop View of the pincher-rod. Fig. 13 is a detail perspective viewof the feed-regulator. Fig. 14 is a detail perspective view of the frontpart of the connecting-rod of the feed mechanism. Figs. 15 and 16 aredetail side elevations showing the sliding frame respectively in itsforward and backward positions. Fig. 17 is an elevation of the cam formoving the sliding frame. Fig. 1-8 is a side view of the pincher-liftingcam. Fig. 15) is a side view of the pincher-closing cam. Figs. 20 and 21are enlarged detail vertical sections of the machine at 20 21, Fig. 5,the carriage or sliding frame being in its rear position in Fig. 20 andforward position in Fig. 21. Fig. 22 is a detail section showing theconnection of the tack-driver set to the tack-driver bar. Fig. 23 is adetail transverse vertical section of part of the guide mechanism at 2323, Fig. 24. Fig. 24 is a vertical longitudinal section at 24 24, Fig.23. Fig. 25 is a transverse vertical section at 25 25, Fig. 24. Fig. 26is a perspective view of the guide-bar. Figs. 27 and 28 are verticalsections at 27 28, Fig. 29. Fig. 29 is a horizontal section at 29 29,Fig. 27. Fig. 30 is a horizontal section at 30 30, Fig.

Fig. 31 is an elevation of the pincher-jaws and bearings of same. Fig.32 is an eleva tion of the pincher-jaws in closed condition. 55

Figs. 33,34, 35, and 36 are perspective views showing the guide and feedpoint in various positions. Figs. 37 and 38 are top views showingthepresser-foot in different positions. Fig. 39 is a perspective View ofthe presser-foot and its bearings. Fig. 40 is a perspective view of thesliding frame. Fig. 41 is a per spective view of the folder. Fig. 42 isaperspective view of part of the pusher-head. Fig. 43 is a perspectiveview of one of the sliding pusher-bars. Fig. 44 is a side view of thepusher-head. Fig. 45 isa side view of the pusher-head with one sideplate removed and with parts in section. Figs. 46 and 47 are transversesections of the pusher-head at 46 47, Fig. 44. Fig. 48 is a front viewof a tack box with tack-race in transverse section.

53 is a perspective view of the 'taek-carrier shown from the rear. Fig54 is a perspective view of the tack-switch in two disconnected parts.Fig. 55 is a perspective View of the base-block of the tack-carrier.Fig. 56 is a perspective view of the safety-switch attach ment. Fig. 57is a perspective view of the connecting-rod of the switch. Fig. 58 isaperspective view of the switch-connectionrod pins. Fig. 59 is a detailperspective view of a portion of the tack-carrier, and Fig. 60 is aperspective view of the same in detached parts. Fig. 61 is a detailperspective view of a tack-discharger. Figs. (32 and 63 are perspectiveviews of the tack-deliverer seen, re-

spectively,from the upper and under side,

Fig. 72 isatransverse vertical section at 72 '72, Fig. 67. Fig. '73 isan enlarged detail section of the sliding tubular red by which thetackswitch is actuated, the section being at 73 73, Fig. 72. Figs. 74;and 75 are detail horizontal sections showing the tack-discharger indifferent positions. Fig. '76 is a cross-section of a tack-raceway. Fig.'7 7 is a perspective view of the upper of a shoe upon thelast ready forthe operation of the machine. Fig. 78 is a perspective view showing thelasting process of the machine partly completed, and Fig. 70 is aperspective view showing the lasting process completed. Fig. S0 is adetail vertical section showing the pinchers drawing up the edge of theleather. Fig. S1 is a detail vertical section showing the tack-driver.Fig. S2 is a side elevation of the machine with most of the details ofthe head left out. Fig. S3 is a rear elevation of the stand-frame. Fig.84: is a vertical longitudinal section at St 84, Fig. 83. Fig. 85 is ahorizontal section at 85 85, Fig. 83. Fig. 8G is an enlarged detailvertical longitudinal section at 86 80, Fig. 83. Fig. S7 is an enlargeddetail at 87 87, Fig. 88. Fig. 88 is a cross-section at 88 88, Fig. 87.Fig. 80 is a detail vertical longitudinal section at 8!) 80, Fig. 85.Fig. 90 is a detail side elevation showing the brake.

is the base of the machine.

101 is a stand-frame, which may be of any suitable construction andmaterial, and whose top 102 serves to supportthe head of the machine.

103 is a counter-shaft fitted in bearings 1.0 on the stand-frame. Theshaft 103 carries a balance-wheel 105 and a belt-pulley 106. Upon theshaft is a fixed collar 107, which forms one member of afriction-clutch. 108 is a cone-pulley turning loose upon the shaft 103and restrained from endwise movement on the shaft. The hub 100 of thispulley forms another member of the frictionclutch, the other memberbeing formed by a friction-wheel 110, which is V-formed at the peripheryto fit the beveled ends of the collar 107 and the hub 100. Theconstruction is such that when the wheel is moved toward the shaft 103motion is communicated from the shaft 103 to the pulley 108 by means ofthe clutch. The wheel 110 has bearing in the forked end 111 of an arm112, hinged to the frame at 113, so that by a slight swing of the arm onits pivot or hinge 113 the wheel may be moved into orout of contaetwiththe other members 107 and 100 of the clutch. The central part of the arm112 has ear or cars 11%, to which is hinged one end of a connecting-rod115, whose other end is hinged to the central part of an arm or lever116, fulcrumed to the frame at its lower end 117 and carrying at itsupper end 118 an anti-friction wheel.

110 is a treadle-lever keyed to a fulcrumshaft 120 near the top of thestand-frame and having at the lower end a forward extension or foot 121,whose lower edge 122 is in the are of a circle whose center is at thefulcrumpoint 120 of the lever 1.10. The construction is such that whenthe lower end of the lever 110 is moved backward from its normalposition the edge 122 bears on the anti-friction wheel at 118 and forcesthe lever 116 backward, so that the elutch'wheel 11.0 is pushed againstthe other members of the clutch and the cone-pulley and shaft 103 causedto rotate. The lever 110 may now be swun farther back Without changingits hearing upon the anti-friction wheel at 118, so that the machinewill continue running in all positions of the lever 119 except itsnormal. position. (Shown in Figs. "2 and 81.) The lever 110 is also usedto regulate the power of the spring by which the crim pin g-pinehers aredrawn upward, and the operation of the lever for this purpose will nowbe described.

123 is a connecting-rod, one end of which is hinged to the lever 119 andthe other end hinged to the verticalarm 124 of a bell-crank lever, whosehorizontal arm 125 is forked at the end 120. Through the fork extendsfrom abovethe rod 127 of the lifting-spring 128, whose upper end isconnected to the rear end of the lever 120, by which thecrimping-pinchcrs are drawn up.

1350 is a collar upon the rod 127, held in place by a set-screw 131 andhaving at top ribs 132, which occupy notches in the under side of thefork 126, the construction being such that as the lever 110 is movedbackward the forked end 12Gis depressed andincreases the tension of thespring 128.

is a ratchet-bar immediately below the edge 122, and 134 is a pawlhinged to the tread1e-foot 121 and adapted to engage the ratchet-bar andhold the lever 110 from forward movement. To engage the pawl with theratchet, the pawl is depressed by the foot of the operator, and whenengaged with the ratchet is held in engagement by friction. On a slightbackward movement being given to the lever 11.0 the pawl is thrown up bya spring 155 beneath it, and then the lever may be swung forward by thespring 128.

In order to check the rapid movement of the lever I connect with it adash-pot, which will be now described. The horizontal arm 125 of thebell-crank is hinged to the rod ofa piston 137, the piston working in anopenbottomed cylinder 138, hinged at 130 to the standframe. The cylinderhas at its upper end a small vent-hole 140, that is scre\vthreaded, anda channel 111 is cut through the thread at one side. 1112 is a screwfitting in the hole 1 10 and made flat at one side, as seen at 1 Theconstruction is such that when the fiat part 1 13 of the screw exactlycoincides with the channel the air passes freelythrough the channel, andby turning the screw the channel may be partly or wholly closed.

list is the foot of the treadle by which the crimping movements aregoverned and also the position of the last. The treadle-foot rocks on apin 115, which also forms the pivot of a treadle-arm 1 10, to whose freeend the 108 on shaft 103.

treadle-rod 147 is hinged. The arm 146 has a vertical longitudinal slot148, through which passes a downward extension 149 at the rear part ofthe treadle-foot, and is held by a screwbolt 150, that passes throughthe arm and with the base 152.

154 is a shaft carrying a cone-pulley 155, connected by a belt 156 withthe cone-pulley The shaft 154 has bearings at 157.

158 is a spur-pinion upon the shaft 154. The spu r-pinion 158 engages aspur-wheel 159 upon the cam-shaft 160. The shaft 160 has bearings at 161in the fixed frame 153. The shaft 160 carries a balance-wheel 162, whichis adapted to be used as a hand-wheel in adjusting the mechanism to anydesired position when it is not running.

163 is a longitudinally-sliding frame or carriage having faces 164,bearing against parts 165 of the fixed frame, and bearing-strips 166,which are inserted over the carriage. (See Figs. 2, 4, and 40.)

167 are extensions from the rear part of the carriage, which haveinwardly projecting studs 168, carrying anti-friction rollers 169 thatwork in the cam-channels 170 of the cams 171 and 171 upon the shaft 160.These cams rotate in the direction indicated by the arrow and cause thelongitudinal reciprocation of 180, carrying anti-friction rollers.

the carriage.

The pinchers, with their rod or stem, are shown in detail in Figs. 27 to32, inclusive.

172 is the pincher rod or stem, to which the jaws 173 and 174 arepivoted at 175. The rod 172 carries a sleeve 176, which has endwisemovement on the rod. The sleeve has extensions 17 7 lying each side ofthe jaws and connected by three cross-pins 178, 179, and

The construction of the parts is such that when the sleeve 176 movesdownward on the rod 172 the pins 178 and 180, by pressure against theouter sides of the jaws, press their points together to hold the edge ofthe leather while the pinchers are raised to draw up the leather on thelast. To release the leather the sleeve is drawn upward on the rod, whenthe points of the jaws 173 and 174 are separated by the upward movementof the sleeve on the rod, which relieves the jaws from the pressure ofthe pins 178 and 180, and the jaws are opened by the pressure of the pin179 against their inner sides. The jaws are shown in their open andclosed positions in. Figs. 27 and 28, respectively. The points of thejaws are serrated to give them a firm hold of the leather. I will nowdescribe the means for giving the described vertical movements to therod 172 and sleeve 176. The rod has two fixed collars 18]., betweenwhich is aloose ring 182, having at opposite sidestransversely-projecting studs 183, which have bearing in blocks 184.These blocks have bearing in slots 186 in the forked end 1850f the lever129, the blocks having slight endwise movement in the slots, as the rodhas rectilinear movement,

circle. The lever 129 is f ulcrumed in the carriage at 187. The upwardmovement of the forward end of the lever 129 and the pinchers in drawingup the leather is caused by the spring 128, while the downward movementofthe pinchers is caused by the cam 171, the lever having a cam-stud188, armed with an anti-friction roller, which plays in the camchannel189. In order to allow the spring to act to draw up the pinchers, thereis a recess 190 at the side of the channel 189,into which the cam-studenters. (See Fig. 18.) The jaws of the pinchers are open when theydescend, the edge 191 of the leather being between them, and immediatelyafter reaching their lower position the sleeve 17 6 descends and closesthem upon the leather. The sleeve 176 carries a fixed collar 192,havinga circumfer ential channel containing a ring 193, with and the end ofthe lever moves in an arc of studs 194, working in blocks 195, that haveendwise movement in slots 197 in the forked end 196 of the lever 198.This lever is fulcrumed to the carriage at 199, and its rear end isconnected to the lever129byaspiral spring 200. The spring acts todepress the sleeve 176 whenever the sleeve is not lifted by either itsspecial cam 204 or by the pincher-rod. The collar 192 bears at bottomupon a shoulder 201 of the sleeve and is held at top by a nut and washer202. (See Fig. 27.) ver 1.98 has a cam-stud 203, carrying anantifriction roller, which bears against the cam 204 of thecam-wheel171. The cam has a part between the salient points205 and 206which allows the ascent of the stud 203, under the influence of thespring 200, to carry down the sleeve and close the jaws, as before setforth. WVhen the jaws close upon the leather, the rod 172 is drawn up byspring 128 and lifts the sleeve 176 with it until the jaws have reachedtheir highest point, when the stud 188 reaches the end of the channelenlargement 190, and the rod 172 is held rigid. At the same time theprojecting'part 206 of the cam 204 reaches the stud 203 and lifts thesleeve, opening the jaws and releasing the leather 191. After the jawsare opened the rod and sleeve again extend together in the samerelativeposition until the jaws reach their lowest point, when thesleeve again descends on the rod and closes the jaws, as beforedescribed. As the pinchers are ascending the carriage is at rest; but asthey reach their upper position and before they open the carriage beginsa forward movement, so that the leather 191 is not simply drawn upward,but also drawn forward over the last, while at the same time the The le-IIO IIS

folder 207 begins to move forward and folds the edge of the leather downon the insole 208, the pinchers opening while the folder moving forward.At the sametime the spring pusher-feet are pressed against the leatherand insure its smooth folding against the side of the last. The jawsopen while the folder is moving forward, and the folder continues itsforward movement and folds down the edge of the leather. The carriagecontinues to move forward, and the tack driven through the leather andinsole. The sleeve 176 has bearing in the forward extension 209 of thecarriage, and the rod or spindle 172 has bearing in the sleeve and abovethe sleevein the extension 210 of the carriage The top of the rod 172carries a head 211, by which the rod is turned, when required, for thecrimp ing of the leather.

The folding and pressing devices are upon a single head 212, supportedon a rod 213, which has bearing in a longitudinal socket 211 in adownward extension 215 of the carriage. The rear end 216 of the socketis closed except for a hole of smaller diameter than the socket, throughwhich passes a reduced part 217 of the rod. This reduced part 217 isscrew-threaded and carries a stop-nut 218 and a lock-nut 219, the formerof which limits the forward movementof the rod in the socket.

220 is aspiral spring surrounding the part 217 within the socket, andwhose rear end bears against the rear end 216 of the socket, while thefront end bears against the shoulder 221 of the rod. The spring acts topush the head 212 forward. At the rearof the reduced part 217 is a stillfurther reduced part 222, that passes through a post 223, fixed to thebase 152. Behind the post 223 the rod is screw-threaded and carries astop-nut 221 and a lock-nut 225, the former limiting the forwardmovement of the head 212 relatively to the fixed frame, so that it doesnot accompany the carriage in its extreme forward movement.

The folder 207 constitutes the front end of the horizontal arm of abell-crank 226, which is fulcrumed to the pusher-head at 227. Thevertical arm 228 of the bell-crank rests at its front side against asliding block 220, bearing against the rear end of a spiral spring 230,whose front end rests against an adjustingscrew 231, by which the powerof the spring may be governed.

232 a screw whose front end rests against the rear side of the verticalarm 228 to limit the descent of the folder. Thus the folder is presseddown on the fold 191 of leather by the spring 230, and the amount ofpressure regulated by the screw 231. The head 212 has anumber ofholes233 to receive fixed pins 231, which are surrounded by spiral springs235. it The presser-bars 235 are in a vertical series and are maderectangular in transverse section, so as to fit snugly together. Thepresser-bars have sockets 236 to receive the front ends of the pins andthe spiral springs surrounding the pins. The fore ends of the spiralsprings rest against the inner ends of the sockets 236 and their rearends against the head 212. The presser-bars have. side wings 237, whichwork in slots 238 of the removable side plates 239 of the head. The bars235 end in pads 210, which bear against the leather and push it againstthe side of the last. In order to hold the bars in their retractedposition, (which is sometimes required in examining or testing parts ofthe machine,) I provide a catch 211, which turns one-fourth around inbearings 212, and which hasanumber of teeth, 213, adapted to enter theslots 23S and engage the fore ends of the wings. Ordinarily the catch211 is in the position seenin Fig. 11 and does not interfere with theendwise movement of the bars. The lower part of the head has a fixedextension 211, which is bored through at 215, the bore extending throughthe body of the head and receiving the screws 231. 232, the block 22.),and the spring 230. The retracted position of the pusher-bars, with thecatch in holding position, is shown in Figs. 15 and 17.

The means for regulating the feed and for crimping the leather 191 atthe toe of the shoe will now be described. The treadle 111 has an upperposition at the toe, as shown by dotted lines at 216, Fig. 82, a middleposition, (shown in full lines at 217in the same figure) and a lowerposition, (shown by dotted lines at 218 in the same figure.) Thecrimping takes place only when the treadle is in the lower position, andthis is done by turning the pinchers while they hold the leather. Thetrcadlerod 117 is connected at the upper end to a crank-arm 216 upon arock-shaft 216, having upon it a worm-cam 250. One end of this cam has awrist-pin 251, that occupies a slot 252 in the lower end of aconnecting-rod 253, connected at the upper end to a lever 251, workingon a fulcrum 255 upon the fixed frame 153. The lever is held in itsnormal and horizontal position (seen in Fig. 3) by a spring 256,extending from its free end to the fixed frame. To the other end of thelever 251 is pivoted a pin 257, that works in a vertical socket 258. Thetop of the pin extends above the top of the frame.

252 is an arm pivoted to the frame at 260, so as to swing in ahorizontal plane, and. drawn toward the head 211 of the pincher-rod by aspring 262, connected to the arm and to apin 261 on the fixed frame.This arm carries at the free end a standing bevel-ended pin 263, which,as the lever swings to the head 261, passes beneath the inclined part ortooth 261 of a spring-latch 265. The latch is pivoted to the head at 266and is depressed by a spring 267.

268 is a standing stud upon the top of the carriage, having on it ananti-friction roller 269. The construction is such that the stud 268, onthe forward movement of the car riage, pushes the arm to its outerposition,

if the arm is not already in that position. The outer position of thearm is shown in Fig. 6 and by broken lines in Fig. 8. Then the side andheel of the shoe are being worked upon, the arm 259 is held in its outerposition by the pin 257, against which the inner side of the arm bears.When the toe of the last comes to the position to be operated upon, thetreadle 144 is depressed to the lower position at the inner end, whichpulls down the pin 257 and releases the arm, so that it is drawn inwardby the spring 262, and the pin is carried beneath the tooth 264. On theforward movement of the carriage the arm is forced outward by the stud268 and carries the head of the pincher-rod into the position seen inFig. 8, when the pin escapes from the tooth and the arm is carried toits outer position. On the return movement of the carriage a standingstud 279 on the fixed frame engages a radial pin 271 upon the head andrestores the pinchers to their normal position. In case the pin 257 isin its depressed position when the arm 259 reaches its outer position,the arm swings inward as soon as the carriage moves backward, and thestud 268 permits such inward movement of the arm, andthe pin 263 againengages the tooth 264. In case the toe of the shoe has been finished thetreadle 144 is raised into the upper position at the toe and the pin 257moves upward into the course of the arm 259, which passes over the topof the pin in its outward movement, depressing the pin in its passage,and the pin after depression is thrown up by the spring 256 and engagesagainst the inner side of the arm, as before explained.

To enable the forcing do wn of the pin 263, it is beveled at top, thearm striking the lower part of the bevel. An equivalent constructionwould be to bevel the part of the arm which strikes the pin.

At 272, Fig. 82, is shown by dotted lines a spiral spring engaging acollar 273 on the rod 147 so as to lift the rod and throw the treadle144, into the position shown at 246, which causes the parts to takeposition for lasting the side of the shoe.

274 is the guide for the work, said guide extending beneath the fold 191of theleather and lying on the insole, with a small downturned lip 275engaging over the edge of the insole.

Now in lasting the toe and the heel it is necessary that the last shouldbe in a position nearer to the body of the machine than in lasting thesides, being nearest when lasting the toe. The means for automaticallychanging the position of the guide for this purpose will now bedescribed. 276 is a screw-rod turned by a head 277 and carrying a collar278 and a nut 279. The hot has a The stud 280 projects through alongitudinal slot 281 in the side of thesockct 282 and engages the wormof the cam 250, as already stated. The guide 274 is rigidly attached tothe collar278 and-extends downward through a longitudiin acircumferential groove 285 of the screwrod. Thegnide 274 is adjusted asto its mean position (to and from the body of the machine) by theturning of the screw 276 in the collar or nut 273, while the describedinward and outward movement of the guide as the work progresses iscaused by the worm-cam 250. In Figs. 9 and 82 the treadle 144 andworm-cam 250 are shown in the intermediate position, or position forlasting the heel, the guide 274 being also in the intermediate position.If new the treadle 144 be moved into the position indicated by brokenlines at 248, the worm-cam will take the position shown in Fig 10, andthe guide 274 will be then in the inner position, as required in lastingthe toe. If, however, the treadle 144 is moved or allowed to move intothe position indicated by broken lines 246, Fig. 82, the worm-cam willbe turned in the opposite direction-to that indicated by the arrow inFig. 9, and no motion will be given to the rod 253, as the wrist-pin 251will only move the length of the slot 252. The guide 274 will, however,be moved outward by the rotary motion of the worm-cam 250 and take theposition required in lasting the sides of the shoe.

The pinchers do not act while lasting the heel, and the device forthrowing them out of action will now be described. The rock-shaft 249carries at its fore end a cam having projections 286 and 288 and adepression 287 between them. When the side of the shoe is being lasted,the position of the cam is as seen in Figs. 20 and 21, the upperprojection 286 being in action. The position of the cam when lasting theheel is seen in Fig. 1., while the lower projection 288 is in action inlasting the toe. The cam acts against. an antifriction roller 289 at theend of a sliding rod 290 transverse to the machine and connected at theopposite end to a hanging arm 291, having a catch 292, which is inclinedat the lower side and horizontal at the upper side to engage aprojection 298 on the lever 198, so that when the roller 289 is in thedepression 287 the catch 292 is in position to arrest the descent of thelever, and consequently of the sleeve 176, so that'the pinchers do notclose. When, however, either of the projections 286 or 288 is acting onthe roller 289, the catch 292 is held out of the course of theprojection 293, and the piuchers close upon the leather 191 at eachdescent. .The inner 0 position of the arm is shown by the broken linesin Fig. 20. 294 is a draw-spring tending to draw it into this position,and doing so whenever it is not held in'its inactive position

